Researchers from Arizona State University and Colorado State University have published a groundbreaking review examining the complex mechanisms of gypsum and silica scaling in membrane desalination processes. The study, published in Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering, provides detailed insights into the unique formation and mitigation strategies for these mineral scales.
The research highlights critical differences between gypsum and silica scaling. Gypsum scaling occurs through calcium sulfate crystallization, characterized by rapid kinetics and directional crystal growth that can intrude into membrane pores. In contrast, silica scaling emerges from silicic acid polymerization, creating amorphous, adhesive layers that cause nearly irreversible membrane flux decline.
These scaling phenomena significantly impact water desalination efficiency, reducing water recovery rates and system performance. The study explores innovative approaches to address each scaling type, including hydrophilic polymer brushes, zwitterionic coatings, and membrane surface charge modifications.
Dr. Tiezheng Tong, a lead researcher, emphasized the importance of understanding these scaling mechanisms for developing more targeted water treatment strategies. The research offers promising solutions for improving desalination technologies, particularly in regions experiencing water scarcity.
By providing a comprehensive analysis of mineral scaling behaviors, the study contributes to advancing sustainable water management practices. The findings can help engineers and researchers develop more efficient desalination processes that extend system longevity and improve water recovery rates.
