High blood pressure, often called the 'silent killer' because it typically shows no symptoms, poses significant health risks for people of all ages. According to the American Heart Association, nearly half of adults in the U.S. have high blood pressure, and many don't even know it. Of those diagnosed, about 75% don't have the condition under control. This condition makes the heart work harder than normal and can damage arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other health problems.
Hypertension is the leading risk factor for stroke and heart conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. Strengthening evidence also links high blood pressure to cognitive decline and dementia. The American Heart Association is working to increase awareness and encourage people to manage blood pressure to protect both heart and brain health.
Anyone can develop high blood pressure, which is why it's encouraged for everyone—including children and young adults—to have their blood pressure checked at annual physicals or wellness checkups. For those with a history of high blood pressure or risk factors such as excess weight, diabetes, high cholesterol, smoking, lack of physical activity, alcohol consumption, or a diet high in sodium and low in potassium, more frequent measurements may be recommended.
To get an accurate blood pressure reading, the American Heart Association recommends sitting in a chair with back support and both feet flat on the ground. Use a validated, automatic, cuff-style, upper-arm monitor, remove clothing over the arm, rest for at least 5 minutes, and support the arm at heart level while staying quiet and still. Take multiple readings and record the results, aiming to measure at the same time each day. For most adults, a normal reading should be less than 120/80 mm Hg.
Recognizing and taking quick action to control high blood pressure can significantly lower the risk of severe health consequences, including heart attack and stroke. If diagnosed, work with a health care professional to design a treatment plan that may include lifestyle changes to diet or activity levels, or medication. Preventing high blood pressure is possible through small steps like eating a heart-healthy diet, staying active, and maintaining a healthy weight. For those already diagnosed, even losing 5% of weight can help improve blood pressure. Reducing or avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and incorporating stress-reducing activities like meditation or yoga, are also important. Adhering to prescribed medications is essential for many individuals to effectively control blood pressure.
To learn more about blood pressure management and how to check it properly, visit heart.org/bp.
