A study of nearly 300,000 adults in South Korea has found that individuals with higher blood pressure during young adulthood face significantly increased risks of heart and kidney disease after age 40. The research, presented at the American Heart Association's EPI|Lifestyle Scientific Sessions 2026, reveals that maintaining optimal blood pressure levels before midlife is crucial for long-term cardiovascular and renal health.
According to the study's findings, adults who had elevated or high blood pressure that remained higher from age 30 to 40 showed increased vulnerability to heart disease, stroke, or kidney disease in midlife. Specifically, having a systolic blood pressure reading approximately 10 mm Hg higher than peers for about 10 years was associated with a 27% higher risk of heart disease and a 22% higher risk of kidney disease. Similarly, participants with diastolic blood pressure about 5 mm Hg higher than their peers for approximately 10 years faced a 20% higher risk of heart disease and a 16% higher risk of kidney disease.
"Young adults often have a very low predicted 10-year risk of heart disease, even when they have elevated or high blood pressure," said Hokyou Lee, M.D., Ph.D., FAHA, an associate professor of preventive medicine at Yonsei University College of Medicine in Seoul. "Our study's findings show that blood pressure levels in early adulthood are important even if short-term risk appears low. Long-term exposure to higher blood pressure from early life may accumulate damage over time, increasing the risk of heart and kidney disease in midlife."
The analysis, which reviewed medical records from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, demonstrated stark contrasts between different blood pressure groups. Compared with people in the lowest 20% of cumulative blood pressure levels during young adulthood, those in the highest 20% were substantially more likely to develop heart or kidney conditions. People in the highest cumulative systolic blood pressure group were about 3.5 times more likely to develop heart conditions than those in the lowest group, while the risk of kidney disease was approximately three times higher among those with the highest cumulative systolic blood pressure.
This research carries significant implications for public health strategies and clinical practice. According to the American Heart Association's 2026 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics, nearly half of U.S. adults are living with high blood pressure, which remains the leading cause of cardiovascular disease and premature death both in the United States and worldwide. The study underscores that blood pressure management should begin much earlier than previously emphasized, potentially shifting preventive care approaches for younger populations.
"Maintaining optimal blood pressure is a concern for every individual, at every age," Lee emphasized. "Early prevention, diagnosis, monitoring and treatment, if needed, are investments in future heart and kidney health. Timely treatment of elevated blood pressure is essential to reduce the effects of years of exposure, which underscores the importance of monitoring and managing blood pressure as soon as a patient has elevated blood pressure levels."
The American Heart Association's 2025 High Blood Pressure Guideline already recommends treatment of stage 1 hypertension in adults with low predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease after 3-6 months of lifestyle modification. This new research from Korea provides additional evidence supporting early intervention strategies.
Daniel W. Jones, M.D., M.A.C.P., FAHA, an American Heart Association volunteer expert and chair of the writing committee for the Association's Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults, noted that "the opportunity in this study to evaluate cumulative blood pressure over several years was important in understanding that risk. The study should encourage the design of randomized clinical trials to document that early treatment of high blood pressure in young adults is effective at reducing risk for cardiovascular and kidney disease."
It is important to note that the study featured in this news release is a research abstract presented at a scientific meeting. Abstracts presented at the American Heart Association's scientific meetings are not peer-reviewed, and the findings are considered preliminary until published as a full manuscript in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. The analysis included 291,887 adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database who were 30 years old in 2002-2004 and received routine health screenings between age 30 and 40, with 76.3% being men. Participants were followed for approximately 10 years after age 40, during which development of heart or kidney disease was identified through national health service records.
