A recent study published in the KeAi journal Global Transitions has shed light on the critical role of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access in combating cholera in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The research, conducted by a team of Chinese researchers, analyzed data from 89 LMICs from 2000 to 2017, revealing a clear link between improved WASH facilities and reduced cholera incidence.
The findings indicate that certain types of improved WASH facilities, such as piped water and sewer/septic sanitation, have protective effects against cholera. Conversely, unimproved facilities like surface water and open defecation were associated with higher cholera rates. This research underscores the importance of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDG) targets for safe WASH access in preventing cholera, a disease that remains a significant health threat in many parts of the world.
Wanqi Wen, the study's first author from Sun Yat-sen University, emphasized that safe WASH is the only long-term solution for cholera prevention and control. The study also highlighted regional disparities in WASH access, with Sub-Saharan Africa experiencing a disproportionately high cholera burden due to inadequate drinking water facilities. Achieving universal access to improved sanitation could significantly reduce cholera risk, particularly in regions like Sub-Saharan Africa where the potential reduction could be as high as 32.98%.
This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and health officials in cholera-affected countries, offering a scientific basis for implementing targeted control strategies. As the Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) works towards its 2030 Roadmap to reduce cholera deaths by 90% and eliminate the disease in up to 20 countries, the findings of this study will be instrumental in guiding efforts to scale up safe WASH access globally.
