UN Secretary-General António Guterres has urged world leaders to accelerate the global shift away from fossil fuels during an energy transition discussion in Belém, Brazil. Speaking at an Energy Transition Roundtable held days before the COP30 climate conference opens, Guterres emphasized that while the energy transformation is inevitable, greater speed and equity are essential for implementing the green transition across both developed and developing nations.
The urgency stems from concerning climate projections. Even with full implementation of current national climate action plans, temperature increases are projected to approach 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. Guterres warned this trajectory guarantees increased flooding, heat extremes, and widespread human suffering across all regions. To limit warming to the safer threshold of 1.5 degrees, global emissions must be cut nearly in half by 2030, achieve net zero emissions by mid-century, and reach negative emissions in subsequent decades.
Despite significant progress in renewable energy adoption, Guterres described the current momentum as insufficient. In 2024, renewable sources accounted for roughly 90% of new electricity generation capacity added worldwide, with investment in clean energy technologies hitting approximately $2 trillion and exceeding fossil fuel investment by $800 billion. While calling this surge a "renewables revolution," the Secretary-General stressed that much more rapid action is required.
Guterres outlined five critical priority areas for governments. First, countries must restructure legal frameworks and economic systems to support clean energy development while ending subsidies that artificially reduce fossil fuel costs. Second, governments should place workers and communities at the center of transition planning, particularly those currently dependent on coal, oil, and gas industries. Training programs and alternative employment opportunities will be essential, with special attention to young people and women facing high displacement risks.
Infrastructure development represents the third priority, requiring rapid advancement of electrical grids, energy storage systems, and efficiency improvements to keep pace with renewable energy expansion. Fourth, new electricity demand from data centers and artificial intelligence systems must be powered exclusively by clean sources rather than increasing reliance on conventional generation. Financial support for developing nations forms the final priority, with Africa currently receiving just 2% of global clean energy investment despite enormous renewable potential and development needs.
The Secretary-General emphasized that developing countries require substantially increased international cooperation, investment flows, and technology transfer to implement their fossil fuel transition commitments effectively. Support frameworks must account for varying national capacities and different levels of existing fossil fuel dependence. This comprehensive approach recognizes that emerging technologies should support climate objectives rather than undermine them through additional energy consumption, creating a multiplier effect for global transition efforts.
