Arctic Blast Brings Heart Health Risks with Snow Shoveling, American Heart Association Warns

The impending Arctic blast forecast to sweep across the United States brings more than just sub-zero temperatures and heavy snowfall—it carries substantial cardiovascular risks during snow removal activities. According to the American Heart Association, snow shoveling represents one of the most dangerous winter activities for heart health, with research showing it may significantly increase the risk of heart attack or sudden cardiac arrest.

Dr. Stacey E. Rosen, volunteer president of the American Heart Association, compares the cardiovascular strain of snow shoveling to a treadmill stress test. "That strain combined with the arctic cold expected this winter could lead to a heart-related emergency—especially for those who aren't physically fit or people with existing heart conditions," Rosen explained. The organization's 2020 scientific statement, Exercise-Related Acute Cardiovascular Events and Potential Deleterious Adaptations Following Long-Term Exercise Training: Placing the Risks Into Perspective–An Update, specifically identifies snow shoveling among physical activities that place extra stress on the heart.

Multiple physiological factors combine to create this dangerous scenario. Shoveling primarily involves arm work, which places greater strain on the cardiovascular system than leg work. The activity often causes people to hold their breath unconsciously, spiking both heart rate and blood pressure. Simultaneously, cold air constricts blood vessels throughout the body, raising blood pressure further and tightening coronary arteries. These effects are particularly concerning for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors including sedentary lifestyle, obesity, smoking history, diabetes, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, or prior cardiac events.

The American Heart Association provides specific recommendations to mitigate these risks. For those with known or suspected heart disease, the safest approach is having someone else handle snow removal. If shoveling is unavoidable, starting gradually, pacing oneself, and using proper protective clothing including layered garments, hats, and gloves are essential. Pushing or sweeping snow requires less exertion than lifting and throwing it. Wind conditions warrant extra caution as wind chill intensifies cold's physiological effects. When possible, using an automated snow blower presents a safer alternative, as research indicates it doesn't elevate heart rate as dramatically as manual shoveling.

Recognizing emergency symptoms is crucial. The organization urges awareness of common heart attack and stroke signs. Individuals experiencing chest pain or pressure, lightheadedness, heart palpitations, or irregular heart rhythms should cease activity immediately. If symptoms persist after stopping, calling 9-1-1 is imperative. For those witnessing someone collapse during snow removal, initiating Hands-Only CPR if the person is unresponsive with no pulse while awaiting emergency assistance can be lifesaving. Additional information about cold weather and cardiovascular disease is available at heart.org.

This warning carries particular importance as climate patterns produce more extreme winter weather events. With research documented in publications like the Journal of the American Medical Association manuscript: Cardiac Demands of Heavy Snow Shoveling, the medical community emphasizes that winter preparedness extends beyond home insulation and road safety to include cardiovascular awareness. As Arctic air masses become more frequent and intense, understanding these health implications becomes increasingly vital for public safety during winter months.